World Bank president Robert B. Zoellick has announced the appointment of Indonesian Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati as managing director of the World Bank Group.
“She has been an outstanding finance minister, with in-depth knowledge of both development issues and the role of the World Bank Group,” Zoellick stated in a press release.
“As a member of the senior team she will play a key role in helping to lead the bank as we move to strengthen client support, implement our reform program, and anticipate future challenges,” he said
Sri Mulyani will start June 1 as one of the Washington-based bank’s three managing directors, the highest rank under Zoellick.
Mulyani, according to the press release, accepted the appointment, saying: “It is a great honor for me and for my country to have this opportunity to contribute to the very important mission of the bank in changing the world".
The appointment follows an international search process. Mulyani, 47, will replace Juan Jose Daboub, who will complete his four-year term June 30, overseeing 74 nations in Latin America, the Caribbean, East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, the bank said. Daboub is a former El Salvador finance minister.
Mulyani and Vice President Boediono have been the target of an opposition campaign accusing them of abusing their authority during the Rp 6.7 trillion ($740 million) bailout of Bank Century in 2008.
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/
My conclusion about this article is :
Being appointed as one of the Managing Director in World Bank for sure would be a great opportunity for Ibu Sri to contribute her skill to the world. But I still believe that Indonesia need her more than world bank. We will loss her. She is a great women and survival with all tension given by DPR members recently especially during the Century bailout case.
Looking back to the past, many Indonesian prominent has actually predicted that soon or later, Ibu Sri would be removed from her seat to save someone from disaster. Another political maneuver. However, Congratulation and hope your new post could give you wider opportunity and more freedom to contribute to the Indonesian Economic particularly and other countries generally.
Selasa, 11 Mei 2010
Complaint Letter (Tugas 2)
To:
Head parts and after-sales service
PT. LG
Faulty LG product
Dear Sir,
I'm afraid that the enclosed LG product doesn't work. It is the third one I've had to return this month. I bought it from Likua stores at Mangga Dua on 10 April. I was careful to follow the instructions for use, honestly.
Other than the three I've had to return recently, I've always found your products to be excellent. I'd be grateful if you could send a replacement and refund my postage (Rp. 450.000).
I really appreciate your help.
Yours faithfully
Tomi Anggoro
Head parts and after-sales service
PT. LG
Faulty LG product
Dear Sir,
I'm afraid that the enclosed LG product doesn't work. It is the third one I've had to return this month. I bought it from Likua stores at Mangga Dua on 10 April. I was careful to follow the instructions for use, honestly.
Other than the three I've had to return recently, I've always found your products to be excellent. I'd be grateful if you could send a replacement and refund my postage (Rp. 450.000).
I really appreciate your help.
Yours faithfully
Tomi Anggoro
Congratulation Letter (Tugas)
Roby Tumewu
Bulak Kapal Street
1850
Bekasi,
10025-5745
Dear Roby:
Please accept my congratulations on your recent selection for inclusion on the short-list for the Jakarta Panasonic Award.
I just heard the news today from John when he dropped into my office with the marked up proofs for his latest collection of stories.
I am so proud of you. As you know, I have been a longtime promoter of your work, and in my mind it's about time they finally recognized your talent. In fact, I believe that your selection for the Panasonic Award short-list is long overdue.
I have already read two of the other movies that are short-listed and in my opinion they don't hold a candle to your "No Turning Back". I will watch the other three movies nominated and let you know what I think. Although, I could hardly be considered an objective reviewer on this one.
Once again Roby, my sincere congratulations on your nomination. Just being nominated for the Panasonic Award is an honor in itself. I will be keeping my fingers crossed for you until they announce the winner on March 1st.
Sincere best wishes,
Tomi Anggoro
Bulak Kapal Street
1850
Bekasi,
10025-5745
Dear Roby:
Please accept my congratulations on your recent selection for inclusion on the short-list for the Jakarta Panasonic Award.
I just heard the news today from John when he dropped into my office with the marked up proofs for his latest collection of stories.
I am so proud of you. As you know, I have been a longtime promoter of your work, and in my mind it's about time they finally recognized your talent. In fact, I believe that your selection for the Panasonic Award short-list is long overdue.
I have already read two of the other movies that are short-listed and in my opinion they don't hold a candle to your "No Turning Back". I will watch the other three movies nominated and let you know what I think. Although, I could hardly be considered an objective reviewer on this one.
Once again Roby, my sincere congratulations on your nomination. Just being nominated for the Panasonic Award is an honor in itself. I will be keeping my fingers crossed for you until they announce the winner on March 1st.
Sincere best wishes,
Tomi Anggoro
Kamis, 29 April 2010
Soal Latihan & jawaban TPB
LATIHAN SOAL TEHNIK PROYEKSI BISNIS
01. Berdasarkan data di bawah ini hitunglah peramalan pada periode ke 4. Menggunakan metode triple exponential smoothing dengan α : 0,20.
Periode Penj.
( Y ) St’ St’’ St’’’ at bt ct Forecast
t + 1
1 130
2 135
3 144
02. Berdasarkan data di bawah ini hitunglah peramalan penjualan pada periode ke 6 dengan menggunakan metode trend parabolic, lampirkan hitungannya.
Peri-ode Penj.
( Y ) X XY X2 X2Y X4
1 95
2 110
3 115
4 121
5 125
03. Berdasarkan data di bawah ini cari indeks musim dengan menggunakan metode gelombang musim (rata-rata sederhana)
Kwar-tal I II III Rata-rata b.kumu-latif selisih
1 25 23 25
2 30 27 30
3 45 50 56
4 40 45 39
∑
Persamaan trendnya dalam bentuk kuartalan adalah :
Y = 36,25 + 0,31X
Lampiran =
Adapun rumus yang digunakan adalah:
S’t = α Xt + (1- α)S’t-1
S”t = α S’t + (1- α)S”t-1
S”’t = α S”t + (1- α)S’”t-1
at = 3S’t – 3S” t + S’”t
α
bt = ───── [ (6 - 5α)S’t - (10- 8α)S”t + (4 - 3α )S”’t]
2(1 – α ) 2
α2
ct = ───── (S’t - 2S”t + S”’t)
(1 – α ) 2
Ft + m = at + bt m + ½ ctm2
∑ y = n.a + c. ∑x2
∑xy = b. ∑x2
∑ x2y = a. ∑x2 + c. ∑x4
Y = a + bx + cx2
Jawaban
Soal Pertama peramalan periode ke 4 menggunakan metode triple exponential smoothing adalah:
- Data 1 yaitu 130 peramalan periode ke 2 sama yaitu 130
- Data ke 2 yaitu 135 peramalan periode ke 3 adalah:
S’t = α Xt + (1- α)S’t-1
S’t = 0,2. 135 + (1- 0,2)130 = 131
S”t = α S’t + (1- α)S”t-1
S”t = 0,2. 131 + (1- 0,2)130 = 130,2
S”’t = α S”t + (1- α)S’”t-1
S”’t = 0,2. 130,2 + (1- 0,2)130 = 130,04
at = 3S’t – 3S” t + S’”t
at = 3.131 – 3.130,2 +130,04 = 132,44
α
bt = ───── [ (6 - 5α)S’t - (10- 8α)S”t + (4 - 3α )S”’t]
2(1 – α ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (6 – 5.0,2)131 - (10- 8.0,2)130,2 + (4 – 3.0,2 )130,04]
2(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (655) - (1.093,68) + (442,136 )]
1,28
bt = 0,15625 (3,456) = 0,54
α2
ct = ───── (S’t - 2S”t + S”’t)
(1 – α ) 2
0,22
ct = ───── (131 – 2.130,2 + 130,04)
(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,04
ct = ───── (0,64) = 0,04
0,64
Ft + m = at + bt m + ½ ctm2
= 132,4 + 0,54 (1) + ½ (0,04) (1) 2
= 132,44 + 0,54 + 0,02 = 133
Data Periode 3 adalah 144 dipergunakan untuk meramal period eke 4
S’t = α Xt + (1- α)S’t-1
S’t = 0,2. 144 + (1- 0,2)131 = 133,6
S”t = α S’t + (1- α)S”t-1
S”t = 0,2. 133,6 + (1- 0,2)130,2 = 130,88
S”’t = α S”t + (1- α)S’”t-1
S”’t = 0,2. 130,88 + (1- 0,2)130,04 = 130,208
at = 3S’t – 3S” t + S’”t
at = 3.133,6 – 3.130,88 +130,208 = 138,368
α
bt = ───── [ (6 - 5α)S’t - (10- 8α)S”t + (4 - 3α )S”’t]
2(1 – α ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (6 – 5.0,2)133,6 - (10- 8.0,2)130,88 + (4 – 3.0,2 )130,208]
2(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (668) - (1099,392) + (442,7072 )]
1,28
bt = 0,15625 (11,3152) = 1,768
α2
ct = ───── (S’t - 2S”t + S”’t)
(1 – α ) 2
0,22
ct = ───── (133,6 – 2.130,88 + 130,208)
(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,04
ct = ───── (2,048) =0,128
0,64
Ft + m = at + bt m + ½ ctm2
= 138,368+1,768(1) + ½ (0,128) (1) 2
= 138,368 + 1,768 + 0,064 = 140,204
Periode Penj.
( Y ) St’ St’’ St’’’ at bt ct Forecast
t + 1
1 130 130 130 130 130 - - -
2 135 131 130,2 130,04 132,44 0,54 0,04 130
3 144 133,6 130,88 130,208 138,37 1,77 0,128 133
140,20
Peramalan period eke 4 adalah 140,20
Soal ke 2 Peramalan period eke 6 berdasarkan data adalah
Peri-ode Penj.
( Y ) X XY X2 X2Y X4
1 95 -2 -190 4 380 16
2 110 -1 -110 1 110 1
3 115 0 0 0 0 0
4 121 1 121 1 121 1
5 125 2 250 4 500 16
∑ 566 0 71 10 1.111 34
∑ y = n.a + c. ∑x2
566 = 5.a + c.10
∑xy = b. ∑x2
71= b. 10
b = 7,1
∑ x2y = a. ∑x2 + c. ∑x4
1.111 = a.10 + c.34
1.111 = 10a + 34c│x 1 => 1.111 = 10a + 34c
566 = 5a + 10c │x 2 => 1.132 = 10a + 20c
───────────
-21 = 14c
c = -1,5
566 = 5a + 10c
566 = 5a + 10.(-1,5)
566 = 5a + (-15)
566 + 15 = 5a
5a = 571
a = 116,2
Y = a + bx + cx2
Y = 116,2 + 7,1x -1,5x2
Peramalan period eke 6 adalah:
Y = 116,2 + 7,1(3) – 1,5(9)
Y6 = 124
Soal yang ketiga adalah:
───────────
Kwar-tal I II III Rata-rata b.kumu-latif selisih
1 25 23 25 24,33 0 24,33
2 30 27 30 29 0,31 28,69
3 45 50 56 50,33 0,62 49,71
4 40 45 39 41,33 0,93 40,40
∑ 143,13
Fungsi least square adalah: Y = 36,25 + 0,31x
Rata-rata = 143,13/4 = 35,78
Indeks musimnya adalah
Kuartal 1 = 24,33/35,78 x 100 = 67,999
Kuartal 2 = 28,69/35,78 x 100 = 80,184
Kuartal 3 = 49,71/35,78 x 100 = 138,932
Kuartal 4 = 40,4/35,78 x 100 = 112,912
Perhatian pengerjaan soal mid test
Lampirkan perhitungan anda di lembar folio dan isi table di lembar soal, semoga kalian bisa mengerjakan soal yang saya berikan dengan pemberian contoh penerapan yang jelas ini.
01. Berdasarkan data di bawah ini hitunglah peramalan pada periode ke 4. Menggunakan metode triple exponential smoothing dengan α : 0,20.
Periode Penj.
( Y ) St’ St’’ St’’’ at bt ct Forecast
t + 1
1 130
2 135
3 144
02. Berdasarkan data di bawah ini hitunglah peramalan penjualan pada periode ke 6 dengan menggunakan metode trend parabolic, lampirkan hitungannya.
Peri-ode Penj.
( Y ) X XY X2 X2Y X4
1 95
2 110
3 115
4 121
5 125
03. Berdasarkan data di bawah ini cari indeks musim dengan menggunakan metode gelombang musim (rata-rata sederhana)
Kwar-tal I II III Rata-rata b.kumu-latif selisih
1 25 23 25
2 30 27 30
3 45 50 56
4 40 45 39
∑
Persamaan trendnya dalam bentuk kuartalan adalah :
Y = 36,25 + 0,31X
Lampiran =
Adapun rumus yang digunakan adalah:
S’t = α Xt + (1- α)S’t-1
S”t = α S’t + (1- α)S”t-1
S”’t = α S”t + (1- α)S’”t-1
at = 3S’t – 3S” t + S’”t
α
bt = ───── [ (6 - 5α)S’t - (10- 8α)S”t + (4 - 3α )S”’t]
2(1 – α ) 2
α2
ct = ───── (S’t - 2S”t + S”’t)
(1 – α ) 2
Ft + m = at + bt m + ½ ctm2
∑ y = n.a + c. ∑x2
∑xy = b. ∑x2
∑ x2y = a. ∑x2 + c. ∑x4
Y = a + bx + cx2
Jawaban
Soal Pertama peramalan periode ke 4 menggunakan metode triple exponential smoothing adalah:
- Data 1 yaitu 130 peramalan periode ke 2 sama yaitu 130
- Data ke 2 yaitu 135 peramalan periode ke 3 adalah:
S’t = α Xt + (1- α)S’t-1
S’t = 0,2. 135 + (1- 0,2)130 = 131
S”t = α S’t + (1- α)S”t-1
S”t = 0,2. 131 + (1- 0,2)130 = 130,2
S”’t = α S”t + (1- α)S’”t-1
S”’t = 0,2. 130,2 + (1- 0,2)130 = 130,04
at = 3S’t – 3S” t + S’”t
at = 3.131 – 3.130,2 +130,04 = 132,44
α
bt = ───── [ (6 - 5α)S’t - (10- 8α)S”t + (4 - 3α )S”’t]
2(1 – α ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (6 – 5.0,2)131 - (10- 8.0,2)130,2 + (4 – 3.0,2 )130,04]
2(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (655) - (1.093,68) + (442,136 )]
1,28
bt = 0,15625 (3,456) = 0,54
α2
ct = ───── (S’t - 2S”t + S”’t)
(1 – α ) 2
0,22
ct = ───── (131 – 2.130,2 + 130,04)
(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,04
ct = ───── (0,64) = 0,04
0,64
Ft + m = at + bt m + ½ ctm2
= 132,4 + 0,54 (1) + ½ (0,04) (1) 2
= 132,44 + 0,54 + 0,02 = 133
Data Periode 3 adalah 144 dipergunakan untuk meramal period eke 4
S’t = α Xt + (1- α)S’t-1
S’t = 0,2. 144 + (1- 0,2)131 = 133,6
S”t = α S’t + (1- α)S”t-1
S”t = 0,2. 133,6 + (1- 0,2)130,2 = 130,88
S”’t = α S”t + (1- α)S’”t-1
S”’t = 0,2. 130,88 + (1- 0,2)130,04 = 130,208
at = 3S’t – 3S” t + S’”t
at = 3.133,6 – 3.130,88 +130,208 = 138,368
α
bt = ───── [ (6 - 5α)S’t - (10- 8α)S”t + (4 - 3α )S”’t]
2(1 – α ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (6 – 5.0,2)133,6 - (10- 8.0,2)130,88 + (4 – 3.0,2 )130,208]
2(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,2
bt = ───── [ (668) - (1099,392) + (442,7072 )]
1,28
bt = 0,15625 (11,3152) = 1,768
α2
ct = ───── (S’t - 2S”t + S”’t)
(1 – α ) 2
0,22
ct = ───── (133,6 – 2.130,88 + 130,208)
(1 – 0,2 ) 2
0,04
ct = ───── (2,048) =0,128
0,64
Ft + m = at + bt m + ½ ctm2
= 138,368+1,768(1) + ½ (0,128) (1) 2
= 138,368 + 1,768 + 0,064 = 140,204
Periode Penj.
( Y ) St’ St’’ St’’’ at bt ct Forecast
t + 1
1 130 130 130 130 130 - - -
2 135 131 130,2 130,04 132,44 0,54 0,04 130
3 144 133,6 130,88 130,208 138,37 1,77 0,128 133
140,20
Peramalan period eke 4 adalah 140,20
Soal ke 2 Peramalan period eke 6 berdasarkan data adalah
Peri-ode Penj.
( Y ) X XY X2 X2Y X4
1 95 -2 -190 4 380 16
2 110 -1 -110 1 110 1
3 115 0 0 0 0 0
4 121 1 121 1 121 1
5 125 2 250 4 500 16
∑ 566 0 71 10 1.111 34
∑ y = n.a + c. ∑x2
566 = 5.a + c.10
∑xy = b. ∑x2
71= b. 10
b = 7,1
∑ x2y = a. ∑x2 + c. ∑x4
1.111 = a.10 + c.34
1.111 = 10a + 34c│x 1 => 1.111 = 10a + 34c
566 = 5a + 10c │x 2 => 1.132 = 10a + 20c
───────────
-21 = 14c
c = -1,5
566 = 5a + 10c
566 = 5a + 10.(-1,5)
566 = 5a + (-15)
566 + 15 = 5a
5a = 571
a = 116,2
Y = a + bx + cx2
Y = 116,2 + 7,1x -1,5x2
Peramalan period eke 6 adalah:
Y = 116,2 + 7,1(3) – 1,5(9)
Y6 = 124
Soal yang ketiga adalah:
───────────
Kwar-tal I II III Rata-rata b.kumu-latif selisih
1 25 23 25 24,33 0 24,33
2 30 27 30 29 0,31 28,69
3 45 50 56 50,33 0,62 49,71
4 40 45 39 41,33 0,93 40,40
∑ 143,13
Fungsi least square adalah: Y = 36,25 + 0,31x
Rata-rata = 143,13/4 = 35,78
Indeks musimnya adalah
Kuartal 1 = 24,33/35,78 x 100 = 67,999
Kuartal 2 = 28,69/35,78 x 100 = 80,184
Kuartal 3 = 49,71/35,78 x 100 = 138,932
Kuartal 4 = 40,4/35,78 x 100 = 112,912
Perhatian pengerjaan soal mid test
Lampirkan perhitungan anda di lembar folio dan isi table di lembar soal, semoga kalian bisa mengerjakan soal yang saya berikan dengan pemberian contoh penerapan yang jelas ini.
Selasa, 02 Maret 2010
Writing Job Aplication Letter
Writing Job Application Letters
The job application letter's sole purpose is to get the recipient to read your CV. It should be clear, concise and straight to the point. Here you are simply telling the employer that you are worth having a look at.
The application letter should be brief, no more than one page in length. It should be easy to read and flow through. It should include only the absolute necessary information. Like most other things, there is a formula that works extremely well for preparing job application letters. Following we discuss each paragraph and give you some guidelines
Addressing job application letters:
The style you choose is not important, there are many different styles of job applications and professional letters, this comes down to personal preference. However somewhere on the top, whether it is on the right or left hand sides, there should be your address and the date. Following this, on the left hand side you should address it. Ensure you include the name of the person, their title, company name, address and any position reference number. This is probably obvious, but ensure that you spell their name correctly, there is nothing worse than receiving a letter incorrectly addressed or misspelled. It gives a poor first impression.
The Introductory Paragraph:
The first paragraph should simply state why you are writing to them. If it is an advertised position, mention the position title and where it was advertised. If you are "cold calling" a company then you should specify that you are applying for any current or future employment opportunities.
An easy way to start this paragraph is with the following statement: " Please find enclosed my CV, which I am forwarding to you as an application for the position of......."
The main body of job application letters:
The main body of an application letter should be two to three paragraphs at the most, if it is too long it may be skipped. When I reader begins to skip text, it is hard to get them to re-focus. Here is where you tell them what you have to offer and why they should read your CV. This is a good time to read the job advertisement again. In one paragraph (two at the most) you need to summarise your experience and skills, at the same time, you need to respond to the position requirements as per the advertisement.
Analyse your career and summarise it in a few sentences, highlight what you specialise in, or how many years in the industry you might have, or even the level that you have reached. This paragraph should direct the reader to your CV and should sell you on some unique points that you might have.
A good way to start this paragraph is with a statement like this: "You will see from my enclosed CV...." then go ahead and tell them something about your career which will immediately get their interest.
The next part of the body of the letter should be a brief description of your personal skills. Again read the advertisement and respond to their needs. If they are asking for someone with good co-ordination skills, then ensure you mention something to that effect. If it is communication or perhaps leadership skills they value, then tell them that you have these. Use adjectives like "demonstrated ability", "well developed", "strong".
Job Application Letters Closing Paragraph:
The closing paragraph should ask for some action from the recipient. This is where you ask for an interview. It should also state where and how they can reach you, and it should thank the recipient for giving you the opportunity to apply. You can include things like "should you require further information....." .
Finish the letter by adding a closing remark, either "yours sincerely", "yours faithfully' or whatever you feel comfortable with and obeying general letter writing etiquette. Leave a few spaces for your signature and then place your full name.
Before you mail the application letter, read it over again, making sure that it is perfect. Special attention should be placed to ensure the job application letter:
*
Is not too long.
*
Has no grammar or spelling errors.
*
Answers the job requirements.
*
Flows and is easy to read.
*
Is easy to load into recruitment software.
You might have to type and edit the letter many times before you are happy with it, but just remember that the job application letter is just as important as the CV itself. The letter should invite the recipient to read the resume, in turn the resume should raise enough interest for them to want to interview you. The Interview is where you will demonstrate your skills and abilities.
Sumber : http://engineers-international.com/17-2-17.php
The job application letter's sole purpose is to get the recipient to read your CV. It should be clear, concise and straight to the point. Here you are simply telling the employer that you are worth having a look at.
The application letter should be brief, no more than one page in length. It should be easy to read and flow through. It should include only the absolute necessary information. Like most other things, there is a formula that works extremely well for preparing job application letters. Following we discuss each paragraph and give you some guidelines
Addressing job application letters:
The style you choose is not important, there are many different styles of job applications and professional letters, this comes down to personal preference. However somewhere on the top, whether it is on the right or left hand sides, there should be your address and the date. Following this, on the left hand side you should address it. Ensure you include the name of the person, their title, company name, address and any position reference number. This is probably obvious, but ensure that you spell their name correctly, there is nothing worse than receiving a letter incorrectly addressed or misspelled. It gives a poor first impression.
The Introductory Paragraph:
The first paragraph should simply state why you are writing to them. If it is an advertised position, mention the position title and where it was advertised. If you are "cold calling" a company then you should specify that you are applying for any current or future employment opportunities.
An easy way to start this paragraph is with the following statement: " Please find enclosed my CV, which I am forwarding to you as an application for the position of......."
The main body of job application letters:
The main body of an application letter should be two to three paragraphs at the most, if it is too long it may be skipped. When I reader begins to skip text, it is hard to get them to re-focus. Here is where you tell them what you have to offer and why they should read your CV. This is a good time to read the job advertisement again. In one paragraph (two at the most) you need to summarise your experience and skills, at the same time, you need to respond to the position requirements as per the advertisement.
Analyse your career and summarise it in a few sentences, highlight what you specialise in, or how many years in the industry you might have, or even the level that you have reached. This paragraph should direct the reader to your CV and should sell you on some unique points that you might have.
A good way to start this paragraph is with a statement like this: "You will see from my enclosed CV...." then go ahead and tell them something about your career which will immediately get their interest.
The next part of the body of the letter should be a brief description of your personal skills. Again read the advertisement and respond to their needs. If they are asking for someone with good co-ordination skills, then ensure you mention something to that effect. If it is communication or perhaps leadership skills they value, then tell them that you have these. Use adjectives like "demonstrated ability", "well developed", "strong".
Job Application Letters Closing Paragraph:
The closing paragraph should ask for some action from the recipient. This is where you ask for an interview. It should also state where and how they can reach you, and it should thank the recipient for giving you the opportunity to apply. You can include things like "should you require further information....." .
Finish the letter by adding a closing remark, either "yours sincerely", "yours faithfully' or whatever you feel comfortable with and obeying general letter writing etiquette. Leave a few spaces for your signature and then place your full name.
Before you mail the application letter, read it over again, making sure that it is perfect. Special attention should be placed to ensure the job application letter:
*
Is not too long.
*
Has no grammar or spelling errors.
*
Answers the job requirements.
*
Flows and is easy to read.
*
Is easy to load into recruitment software.
You might have to type and edit the letter many times before you are happy with it, but just remember that the job application letter is just as important as the CV itself. The letter should invite the recipient to read the resume, in turn the resume should raise enough interest for them to want to interview you. The Interview is where you will demonstrate your skills and abilities.
Sumber : http://engineers-international.com/17-2-17.php
Bussiness Letter
What You Should Write in a Business Letter
According to Strano, Mohan and McGror, in their book, Communicating!, a business letter has five main parts:
1. the heading
2. the date
3. the opening
4. the body
5. the closing.
1. What to Put in the Heading of a Business Letter
This is your name and address.
You can use your fancy letterhead or just type up your business name and address.
The letterhead address can be positioned anywhere on the top of the page: centred, left side or right side.
However, if you're typing the business address, it should be located in the top right-hand corner.
2. How to Write the Date in a Business Letter
The date is very important, since it can be useful in determining priorities, for filing and it also can have legal ramifications.
In a typed address letter, the date goes immediately under your address.
In a letterhead letter, the date can go on the left-hand side, or the right-hand side, immediately under the letterhead.
Write101.com
32 MacDonnell Road
MARGATE BEACH 4019
1 January 2009
Note that the suburb name is in capitals and that there is NO punctuation in the address.
The method of writing the date shown here is the easiest and least likely to lead to confusion. It looks neat and is clear and concise.
Always write the name of the month; if you are dealing with overseas clients or markets, or even with people who were born overseas, you can run into all sorts of problems if you only use numbers:
11-3-09 could be 11 March 2009 OR 3 November 2009, depending on where you come from!
3. How to Write the Opening of a Business Letter
This is the:
* Name
* title (if any Manager, Principal etc)
* address of the person to whom you are writing and the greeting or salutation.
This information always goes on the left-hand side of the page, starting one line lower than your business name and address and the date.
Write101.com
32 MacDonnell Road MARGATE BEACH Q 4019
1 January 2009
Mr Garth Hopper
Manager
Country Publications
PO Box 123
SYDNEY 2003
Dear Garth,
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
or
Write101.com
32 MacDonnell Road
MARGATE BEACH 4019
1 January 2009
Mr Garth Hopper
Manager
Country Publications
PO Box 123
SYDNEY 2003
Dear Garth,
4. How to Write the Body of the Business Letter
This is like the message in your memo and it follows the same rules in that it should be:
* clear
* concise
* courteous.
I know I've said that before (a couple of times) - it bears repeating.
The way you organise the body of your letter will depend on the reason for writing it ... naturally.
What Should Be Included in a Business Letter
When writing a business letter, you must be sure that no part of your letter will be misunderstood. This is why the language you use should be simple. There are no prizes for using the biggest words in a business letter - especially if your reader is not familiar with the words and has to waste time finding out what you mean.
Worse still - if you are not familiar with the words you've used - you make yourself look a right twit! And that is definitely not good for business.
Time is money these days, so you need to ensure that you make your point as quickly as you can in any correspondence.
Like any other piece of writing a business letter should have a beginning, a middle and an end.
It doesn't matter how short a letter is, the important thing is to communicate your message effectively. Don't feel you have to 'fill up' the page to make it look 'balanced'.
5. How to Write the Closing of a Business Letter and Sign Off
This includes the final words to your reader - the bit that tells him or her what action will follow or thanks him or her for any help given. It also includes the 'signing off' and name of the writer.
It is customary to sign off, 'Yours faithfully' if it is a formal business letter or if you don't know the name of the person; you sign 'Yours sincerely' when you do know the name of the person.
It is acceptable to use less formal closings - 'Kind regards', 'Regards'- if the whole tone of your letter has been the same, but don't end a very formal letter in this way.
Your closing signature can be placed on the left-hand side of the letter (which makes it easier on the typist) or on the right-hand side - in line with the address (if the address has been typed in the right-hand corner and / or with the date (if it has been placed in the right-hand corner).
Instant Letter Writing Kit
Sumber : http://www.write101.com/businessletter.htm
According to Strano, Mohan and McGror, in their book, Communicating!, a business letter has five main parts:
1. the heading
2. the date
3. the opening
4. the body
5. the closing.
1. What to Put in the Heading of a Business Letter
This is your name and address.
You can use your fancy letterhead or just type up your business name and address.
The letterhead address can be positioned anywhere on the top of the page: centred, left side or right side.
However, if you're typing the business address, it should be located in the top right-hand corner.
2. How to Write the Date in a Business Letter
The date is very important, since it can be useful in determining priorities, for filing and it also can have legal ramifications.
In a typed address letter, the date goes immediately under your address.
In a letterhead letter, the date can go on the left-hand side, or the right-hand side, immediately under the letterhead.
Write101.com
32 MacDonnell Road
MARGATE BEACH 4019
1 January 2009
Note that the suburb name is in capitals and that there is NO punctuation in the address.
The method of writing the date shown here is the easiest and least likely to lead to confusion. It looks neat and is clear and concise.
Always write the name of the month; if you are dealing with overseas clients or markets, or even with people who were born overseas, you can run into all sorts of problems if you only use numbers:
11-3-09 could be 11 March 2009 OR 3 November 2009, depending on where you come from!
3. How to Write the Opening of a Business Letter
This is the:
* Name
* title (if any Manager, Principal etc)
* address of the person to whom you are writing and the greeting or salutation.
This information always goes on the left-hand side of the page, starting one line lower than your business name and address and the date.
Write101.com
32 MacDonnell Road MARGATE BEACH Q 4019
1 January 2009
Mr Garth Hopper
Manager
Country Publications
PO Box 123
SYDNEY 2003
Dear Garth,
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
or
Write101.com
32 MacDonnell Road
MARGATE BEACH 4019
1 January 2009
Mr Garth Hopper
Manager
Country Publications
PO Box 123
SYDNEY 2003
Dear Garth,
4. How to Write the Body of the Business Letter
This is like the message in your memo and it follows the same rules in that it should be:
* clear
* concise
* courteous.
I know I've said that before (a couple of times) - it bears repeating.
The way you organise the body of your letter will depend on the reason for writing it ... naturally.
What Should Be Included in a Business Letter
When writing a business letter, you must be sure that no part of your letter will be misunderstood. This is why the language you use should be simple. There are no prizes for using the biggest words in a business letter - especially if your reader is not familiar with the words and has to waste time finding out what you mean.
Worse still - if you are not familiar with the words you've used - you make yourself look a right twit! And that is definitely not good for business.
Time is money these days, so you need to ensure that you make your point as quickly as you can in any correspondence.
Like any other piece of writing a business letter should have a beginning, a middle and an end.
It doesn't matter how short a letter is, the important thing is to communicate your message effectively. Don't feel you have to 'fill up' the page to make it look 'balanced'.
5. How to Write the Closing of a Business Letter and Sign Off
This includes the final words to your reader - the bit that tells him or her what action will follow or thanks him or her for any help given. It also includes the 'signing off' and name of the writer.
It is customary to sign off, 'Yours faithfully' if it is a formal business letter or if you don't know the name of the person; you sign 'Yours sincerely' when you do know the name of the person.
It is acceptable to use less formal closings - 'Kind regards', 'Regards'- if the whole tone of your letter has been the same, but don't end a very formal letter in this way.
Your closing signature can be placed on the left-hand side of the letter (which makes it easier on the typist) or on the right-hand side - in line with the address (if the address has been typed in the right-hand corner and / or with the date (if it has been placed in the right-hand corner).
Instant Letter Writing Kit
Sumber : http://www.write101.com/businessletter.htm
Biografi Aristotles
Aristoteles dilahirkan di kota Stagira, Macedonia, 384 SM. Ayahnya seorang ahli fisika kenamaan. Pada umur tujuh belas tahun Aristoteles pergi ke Athena belajar di Akademi Plato. Dia menetap di sana selama dua puluh tahun hingga tak lama Plato meninggal dunia. Dari ayahnya, Aristoteles mungkin memperoleh dorongan minat di bidang biologi dan “pengetahuan praktis”. Di bawah asuhan Plato dia menanamkan minat dalam hal spekulasi filosofis.
Pada tahun 342 SM Aristoteles pulang kembali ke Macedonia, menjadi guru seorang anak raja umur tiga belas tahun yang kemudian dalam sejarah terkenal dengan Alexander Yang Agung. Aristoteles mendidik si Alexander muda dalam beberapa tahun. Di tahun 335 SM, sesudah Alexander naik tahta kerajaan, Aristoteles kembali ke Athena dan di situ dibukanya sekolahnya sendiri, Lyceum. Dia berada di Athena dua belas tahun, satu masa yang berbarengan dengan karier penaklukan militer Alexander. Alexander tidak minta nasehat kepada bekas gurunya, tetapi dia berbaik hati menyediakan dana buat Aristoteles untuk melakukan penyelidikan-penyelidikan. Mungkin ini merupakan contoh pertama dalam sejarah seorang ilmuwan menerima jumlah dana besar dari pemerintah untuk maksud-maksud penyelidikan dan sekaligus merupakan yang terakhir dalam abad-abad berikutnya.
Walau begitu, pertaliannya dengan Alexander mengandung pelbagai bahaya. Aristoteles menolak secara prinsipil cara kediktatoran Alexander dan tatkala si penakluk Alexander menghukum mati sepupu Aristoteles dengan tuduhan menghianat, Alexander punya pikiran pula membunuh Aristoteles. Di satu pihak Aristoteles kelewat demokratis di mata Alexander, dia juga punya hubungan erat dengan Alexander dan dipercaya oleh orang-orang Athena. Tatkala Alexander mati tahun 323 SM golongan anti-Macedonia memegang tampuk kekuasaan di Athena dan Aristoteles pun didakwa kurang ajar kepada dewa. Aristoteles, teringat nasib yang menimpa Socrates 76 tahun sebelumnya, lari meninggalkan kota sambil berkata dia tidak akan diberi kesempatan kedua kali kepada orang-orang Athena berbuat dosa terhadap para filosof. Aristoteles meninggal di pembuangan beberapa bulan kemudian di tahun 322 SM pada umur enam puluh dua tahun.
Aristoteles dengan muridnya, AlexanderHasil murni karya Aristoteles jumlahnya mencengangkan. Empat puluh tujuh karyanya masih tetap bertahan. Daftar kuno mencatat tidak kurang dari seratus tujuh puluh buku hasil ciptaannya. Bahkan bukan sekedar banyaknya jumlah judul buku saja yang mengagumkan, melainkan luas daya jangkauan peradaban yang menjadi bahan renungannya juga tak kurang-kurang hebatnya. Kerja ilmiahnya betul-betul merupakan ensiklopedi ilmu untuk jamannya. Aristoteles menulis tentang astronomi, zoologi, embryologi, geografi, geologi, fisika, anatomi, physiologi, dan hampir tiap karyanya dikenal di masa Yunani purba. Hasil karya ilmiahnya, merupakan, sebagiannya, kumpulan ilmu pengetahuan yang diperolehnya dari para asisten yang spesial digaji untuk menghimpun data-data untuknya, sedangkan sebagian lagi merupakan hasil dari serentetan pengamatannya sendiri.
Untuk menjadi seorang ahli paling jempolan dalam tiap cabang ilmu tentu kemustahilan yang ajaib dan tak ada duplikat seseorang di masa sesudahnya. Tetapi apa yang sudah dicapai oleh Aristoteles malah lebih dari itu. Dia filosof orisinal, dia penyumbang utama dalam tiap bidang penting falsafah spekulatif, dia menulis tentang etika dan metafisika, psikologi, ekonomi, teologi, politik, retorika, keindahan, pendidikan, puisi, adat-istiadat orang terbelakang dan konstitusi Athena. Salah satu proyek penyelidikannya adalah koleksi pelbagai negeri yang digunakannya untuk studi bandingan.
Mungkin sekali, yang paling penting dari sekian banyak hasil karyanya adalah penyelidikannya tentang teori logika, dan Aristoteles dipandang selaku pendiri cabang filosofi yang penting ini. Hal ini sebetulnya berkat sifat logis dari cara berfikir Aristoteles yang memungkinkannya mampu mempersembahkan begitu banyak bidang ilmu. Dia punya bakat mengatur cara berfikir, merumuskan kaidah dan jenis-jenisnya yang kemudian jadi dasar berpikir di banyak bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Aristoteles tak pernah kejeblos ke dalam rawa-rawa mistik ataupun ekstrim. Aristoteles senantiasa bersiteguh mengutarakan pendapat-pendapat praktis. Sudah barang tentu, manusia namanya, dia juga berbuat kesalahan. Tetapi, sungguh menakjubkan sekali betapa sedikitnya kesalahan yang dia bikin dalam ensiklopedi yang begitu luas.
Pengaruh Aristoteles terhadap cara berpikir Barat di belakang hari sungguh mendalam. Di jaman dulu dan jaman pertengahan, hasil karyanya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa-bahasa Latin, Arab, Itali, Perancis, Ibrani, Jerman dan Inggris. Penulis-penulis Yunani yang muncul kemudian, begitu pula filosof-filosof Byzantium mempelajari karyanya dan menaruh kekaguman yang sangat. Perlu juga dicatat, buah pikirannya banyak membawa pengaruh pada filosof Islam dan berabad-abad lamanya tulisan-tulisannya mendominir cara berpikir Barat. Ibnu Rusyd (Averroes), mungkin filosof Arab yang paling terkemuka, mencoba merumuskan suatu perpaduan antara teologi Islam dengan rasionalismenya Aristoteles. Maimomides, pemikir paling terkemuka Yahudi abad tengah berhasil mencapai sintesa dengan Yudaisme. Tetapi, hasil kerja paling gemilang dari perbuatan macam itu adalah Summa Theologia-nya cendikiawan Nasrani St. Thomas Aquinas. Di luar daftar ini masih sangat banyak kaum cerdik pandai abad tengah yang terpengaruh demikian dalamnya oleh pikiran Aristoteles.
Kekaguman orang kepada Aristoteles menjadi begitu melonjak di akhir abad tengah tatkala keadaan sudah mengarah pada penyembahan berhala. Dalam keadaan itu tulisan-tulisan Aristoteles lebih merupakan semacam bungkus intelek yang jitu tempat mempertanyakan problem lebih lanjut daripada semacam lampu penerang jalan. Aristoteles yang gemar meneliti dan memikirkan ihwal dirinya tak salah lagi kurang sepakat dengan sanjungan membabi buta dari generasi berikutnya terhadap tulisan-tulisannya.
Beberapa ide Aristoteles kelihatan reaksioner diukur dengan kacamata sekarang. Misalnya, dia mendukung perbudakan karena dianggapnya sejalan dengan garis hukum alam. Dan dia percaya kerendahan martabat wanita ketimbang laki-laki. Kedua ide ini-tentu saja –mencerminkan pandangan yang berlaku pada jaman itu. Tetapi, tak kurang pula banyaknya buah pikiran Aristoteles yang mencengangkan modernnya, misalnya kalimatnya, “Kemiskinan adalah bapaknya revolusi dan kejahatan,” dan kalimat “Barangsiapa yang sudah merenungi dalam-dalam seni memerintah manusia pasti yakin bahwa nasib sesuatu emperium tergantung pada pendidikan anak-anak mudanya.” (Tentu saja, waktu itu belum ada sekolah seperti yang kita kenal sekarang).
Di abad-abad belakangan, pengaruh dan reputasi Aristoteles telah merosot bukan alang kepalang. Namun, saya pikir pengaruhnya sudah begitu menyerap dan berlangsung begitu lama sehingga saya menyesal tidak bisa menempatkannya lebih tinggi dari tingkat urutan seperti sekarang ini. Tingkat urutannya sekarang ini terutama akibat amat pentingnya ketiga belas orang yang mendahuluinya dalam urutan.
Istilah-istilah ciptaan aristoteles masih dipakai samapai sekarang:
Informasi, relasi, energi, kuantitas, kualitas, individu, substansi, materi, esensi, dsb.
Ahli filsafat terbesar di dunia sepanjang zaman, bapak peradaban barat, bapak eksiklopedi, bapak ilmu pengetahuan, atau guru(nya) para ilmuwan adalah berbagai julukan yang diberikan pada ilmuan ini. Berbagai termuannya seperti logika yang diebut juga ilmu mantic yaitu pengethaun tentang cara berpikir dengan baik, benar, dan sehat, membaut namanya begitu dikenal oleh setiap orang di seluruh dunia yang pernah mengecap penididkan.
Pria yang lahir di Stagmirus, Macedonia. Pada tahun 384 sM. Inilah orang pertama di dunia yang dapat membuktikan bahwa bumi bulat. Pembuktian yang dilakukaknya dengan jalan meliaht gerhana. Sepuluh jenis kata yang dikenal orang saat ini seperti. Kata kerja, kata benda, kata sifat dan sebagainya merupakan pembagian kata hasil pemikirannya. Dia jugalah yang mengatakan bahwa manusia adalah mahluk social.
Ayahnya yang bernama Nicomachus, seorang dokter di sitana Amyntas III, raja Mecodinia, kakek Alexander Agung. Meninggal ketika Aristoteles berusia 15 tahun. Karennanya, ia kemudia dipelihara oleh proxenus, pamanya- saudara dari ayahnya, pada usia 17 tahun ia masuk akademi milik plato di Athena. Dari situlahia kemudian menjadi murid plato selama 20 tahun
Dengan meninggalnya plato pada tahun 347 sM. Aristoteles meninggalkan Athena dan mengembara selama 12 tahun. Dalam jenjang waktu itu ia mendirikan akademi di Assus dan menikah dengan Pythias yang tak lama kemudian meninggal. Ia lalu menikah lagi dengan Herpyllis yang kemudian melahirkan baginya seorang anak laki-laki yang ia beri nama Nicomachus seperti ayahnya. Pada tahu-tahun berikutnya ia juga mendirikan akademi di Mytilele. Saat itulah ia sempat jadi guru Alexander Agung selama 3 thun.
Di Lyceum, Athena pada tahuan 355 sM. Ia juga mendirikan semacam akademi. Di sinilah ia selama 12 tahun memberikan kuliah, berpikir, mengadakan riset dan eksperimen serta membuat catatan-catatn dengan tekun dan cermat.
Pada tahun 323 sM Alexander Agung meninggal. Karena takut di bunuh orang yunani yang membenci pengikut Alexander, Aristoteles akhirnya melarikan diri ke Chalcis. Tapi ajal emmang tal menganl tempat. Mau bersembunyi kemanapun, kalau ajal sydah tiba tidak ada yang bisa menolak. Demikian juga dengan tokoh ini, satu tahun setelah pelariannya ke kota itu, yaitu tepatnya pada tahun 322 sM, pada usia 62 tahun ia meninggal juga di kota tersebut, Chalcis Yunani..
Julukan:
- Ahli filsafat terbesar di dunia sepanjang zaman.
- - Bapak peradaban barat.
- - Bapak ilmu pengetahuan atau guru (nya) para ilmuan.
Penemuan:
- Logika (Ilmu mantic: pengethaun tenatng cara berpikir dengan baik, benar, dan sehat.
- - Biologi, fisika, botano, astronomi, kimia, meteorology, anatomi. Zoology, embriologi, dan psikologi eksperimental
Sumber : http://kolom-biografi.blogspot.com
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